OOA (Object Oriented Analysis) or object-oriented analysis is formed by the following concepts:
- Objects = In a software system, objects are agents that act interconnected with each other, where each object performs specific tasks and, through this interaction, a computational task is performed.
- UML (Unified Modeling Language) = Standard diagramming language used to visualize the results of analysis and design.
OOA in Systems Development
Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) is a systems development process that uses the concept of objects that interact with each other and, through this interaction, perform computational tasks.
The starting point for OOA is to create a descriptive model containing project information. We can call this artifact a technical proposal, as it contains details of the problem to be solved, project objectives, use cases, functional and non-functional requirements, system activities, and proposed solutions.
Using UML standards, system requirements are specified, building the necessary artifacts for documentation at the desired level.
Throughout the entire development lifecycle (analysis and programming), some diagrams are generated that represent the analysis objects, namely: use case diagram, class diagram, object diagram, component diagram, deployment diagram, activity diagram, state machine diagram, collaboration diagram, and sequence diagram.
OOA Diagrams
The image below represents the various types of diagrams that can be created throughout system development:
Use cases specify the system’s behavior in parts—that is, the set of scenarios where each scenario has a sequence of steps that describes the behavior and interaction between actors and the system.
Analysis involves detailing entities through a class diagram, which is a representation of the structure and relationships of classes that serve as a model for objects.
Each rule is transformed into an element and can be reused in various scenarios and use cases, thus fulfilling one of the key characteristics of object orientation: reusability.
All elements/objects are associated with each other, facilitating traceability. Consequently, when an element is modified, it is easy to identify all use cases and scenarios that will be impacted and must be considered in the project.
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